Aplastic anemia

Overview

In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow makes too few red cells, white cells, and platelets.

It can be caused by the immune system, some medicines, toxins, or viruses.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Tiredness, bruising, infections

Less common

• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Fever

When to get medical care

Causes

Marrow failure.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Diagnosis

Blood and marrow tests.

Treatment

Avoid infection.

Self-care

• Handwashing
• Wash hands often and avoid sick people
• Use a soft toothbrush
• Avoid contact sports
• Avoid crowds

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Avoid benzene and toxic chemicals

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a hematologist (blood doctor).

Living with it

Support groups and helplines

• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Free NIH information on rare diseases, including where to find experts and patient groups.
• National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): Patient groups, help finding care, and aid programs for rare diseases.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Young adults and older adults: Most common.
• Young adults: Most common.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Treatable.

Stem cell transplant can cure it.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What's causing my symptoms?
• What treatment do you recommend?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Aplastic anemia