Overview
Estrogen methods (pill, patch, ring) slightly raise blood clot risk, especially with smoking over 35.
Progestin and copper methods have different side effects. There are many options.
Symptoms
Common signs:
- Side effects from birth control
- Spotting between periods
Less common
- Nausea
- Headaches
- Breast tenderness
- Mood changes
When to get medical care
Call 911Chest pain, trouble breathing, sudden weakness, trouble speaking, or a sudden severe headache.
Get care todayCalf pain and swelling, or vision changes.
See a doctor soonSide effects that last more than 3 months or bother you.
Causes
Hormones in the method.
Does it spread or run in families?
- It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.
Who is more likely to get it
- Smoking over 35
- Migraine with aura
Possible complications
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional reviews your method.
Questions you may be asked
- Which method and how long
- Smoking, migraines with aura
The exam
Blood pressure.
Treatment
Many side effects improve with time or a switch.
Self-care
- Take pills at the same time daily
- Track spotting and symptoms
- Don't stop without a backup method
Prevention
To lower risks:
- Don't smoke
Which doctor treats this
- Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
- They may send you to an OB-GYN or midwife; high-risk pregnancies may see a maternal-fetal medicine doctor.
Outlook
Most people find a method that works.
Getting ready for your visit
Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.
Questions to ask
- Would another method suit me better?
Research studies
Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.
Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Birth control side effects
Sources
Last updated 2026-11-12.