Overview
Some birthmarks come from extra blood vessels (stork bites, hemangiomas, port-wine stains). Others come from extra pigment (Mongolian spots, cafe-au-lait spots, moles).
Stork bites and Mongolian spots usually fade in childhood. Hemangiomas grow for months, then slowly shrink.
Symptoms
Common signs:
- Dark spots or patches on the skin
- Red, pink, or blue-gray marks present early in life
Less common
- A raised red bump that grows
When to get medical care
Causes
Extra blood vessels or pigment cells in the skin. Most aren't inherited.
Who is more likely to get it
- Premature birth (hemangiomas)
- Darker skin (Mongolian spots)
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional can usually tell by looking.
Questions you may be asked
- When the mark appeared and whether it changed
The exam
A skin check.
Tests
Tests, if needed:
- Imaging: Rarely, for large marks or marks near the eye, spine, or airway.
Treatment
Most birthmarks need no treatment.
Self-care
- Protect it from the sun
- Watch for changes
Medicines
Medicines that may help:
| Medicine | Helps with | Good to know |
|---|---|---|
| Beta blockers (prescription) | Problem hemangiomas | Needs a doctor's care. |
OwieClear doesn't give doses: follow the label or your healthcare professional. Medicine names here are examples, not a full list.
Lasers can lighten port-wine stains. Medicine can shrink hemangiomas that cause problems.
Prevention
Birthmarks can't be prevented.
- Protect birthmarks and moles from sun
Which doctor treats this
- Urgent care or the ER can treat it first. For minor problems, your primary care provider can help.
- They may send you to a dermatologist (skin doctor).
Back to school, work, or sports
- Most people can go to school or work. Keep the wound clean and covered.
- Avoid pools and hot tubs until the skin heals.
Children, pregnancy, and older adults
- Parents: Blue-gray Mongolian spots can look like bruises. They're harmless.
Outlook
Most birthmarks are harmless, and many fade.
Getting ready for your visit
Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.
Questions to ask
- Will it fade?
- Does it need treatment or checks?
Research studies
Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.
Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Birthmarks (stork bites, Mongolian spots, and moles)
Sources
Last updated 2026-11-12.