Can't pee (urinary retention)

Overview

Urinary retention means the bladder doesn't empty. Sudden retention is painful and an emergency; slow retention may only cause a weak stream.

Enlarged prostate, some cold and allergy medicines, opioids, and nerve problems are common causes.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Can't pee

Less common

• Belly pain
• Leaking
• Peeing often in small amounts

Look up a symptom: Weak urine stream or trouble starting

When to get medical care

Causes

Prostate, medicines, nerve problems.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• Older men

Possible complications

• Enlarged prostate

Diagnosis

A bladder scan.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Bladder scan:

Treatment

Get help.

Self-care

• Review medicines
• Avoid decongestants and antihistamines if you have prostate trouble
• Pee when you first feel the urge
• Double void: pee, wait, then try again

A catheter drains the bladder.

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Treat an enlarged prostate

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a urologist (urinary tract doctor).

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Older men: Most common.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Treatable.

Usually treatable once the cause is found.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

• Could my medicines cause this?
• Do I need a catheter?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Can't pee (urinary retention)