Cystocele or rectocele (bladder or rectum bulging into the vagina)

Overview

A cystocele is the bladder bulging into the front wall of the vagina. A rectocele is the rectum bulging into the back wall.

They come from weakened support tissue, often after childbirth and with aging.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Vaginal bulge or pressure
• Bulge in the vaginal wall, or needing to press to empty the bladder or bowels
• Bulge or heaviness in the vagina

Less common

• Trouble emptying bladder or bowels
• Needing to press on the vagina to have a bowel movement
• Leaking urine

When to get medical care

Causes

Childbirth, aging.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• After childbirth

Possible complications

• Pelvic organ prolapse

Diagnosis

A pelvic exam.

Treatment

Build support.

Self-care

• Kegel exercises
• Treat constipation
• Avoid heavy lifting

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Pelvic floor exercises
• Avoid straining on the toilet

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a gynecologist (OB-GYN).

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• After menopause: Vaginal estrogen can strengthen the tissue.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Treatable.

Most women get relief with therapy, a pessary, or surgery.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

• Would a pessary help me?
• Do I need surgery?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Cystocele or rectocele (bladder or rectum bulging into the vagina)