Hydrocephalus (fluid on the brain)

Overview

A shunt is a thin tube that drains extra fluid from the brain to the belly.

Shunts can block or get infected, so knowing warning signs is important.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Headache and vomiting

Less common

• Large head in a baby
• Sleepiness

When to get medical care

Causes

Fluid blockage.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• Babies born early: Bleeding in the brain can cause it
• Adults over 60: Normal pressure type

Possible complications

• Seizures: More common with hydrocephalus
• Learning problems: Children may need school support

Diagnosis

A clinician asks about your symptoms and may order tests.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Scan:

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and how severe it is.

Self-care

• Know shunt warning signs

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Prenatal care

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a neurologist (brain and nerve doctor).

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Babies: A bulging soft spot is a warning sign.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Many people live full lives with a shunt.

Shunts help most.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What's causing this?
• What treatment do you recommend?
• What are signs of shunt failure?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Hydrocephalus (fluid on the brain)