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Jaw cyst

Also called: Jaw cyst, odontogenic cyst, dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst

A fluid-filled sac in the jaw bone, often around an unerupted tooth or a dead tooth root. Many are found on routine dental X-rays. They're usually removed so they don't grow and weaken the jaw.

Common typesAround wisdom teeth, at a dead root
Found byDental X-ray
TreatmentRemoval, root canal

Overview

Most jaw cysts are not cancer.

Large cysts can loosen teeth or cause swelling.

Symptoms

Common signs:

  • Jaw swelling or cyst on X-ray

Less common

  • Loose teeth
  • Numb lip
  • Jaw swelling

Look up a symptom: Swollen gum, cheek, or jaw near a tooth

When to get medical care

Call 911Face swelling with fever or trouble swallowing.
Get care todayPainful swelling.
See a doctor soonA cyst seen on X-ray.

Causes

Tooth development, infection.

Does it spread or run in families?

  • It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

  • Impacted wisdom teeth

Possible complications

Diagnosis

Imaging and a sample.

The exam

Mouth and jaw exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

  • Dental X-ray or CT:
  • Biopsy:

Treatment

See an oral surgeon.

Self-care

  • Keep the area clean
  • Take antibiotics if prescribed
  • Keep follow-up X-rays

Removal; root canal for root cysts.

Prevention

  • Regular dental X-rays

Which doctor treats this

  • Start with your dentist.

Back to school, work, or sports

  • Most people can go back to school or work the same day or the next day.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

  • Teens: Often found around wisdom teeth.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
  • Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
  • Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
  • Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Removal usually cures it.

Some types can come back and need follow-up.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

  • Will the cyst come back?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Jaw cyst

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-12.