Leukodystrophies

Overview

Leukodystrophies damage myelin, the coating on nerves.

Some types can be treated with stem cell transplant if found early.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Loss of skills

Less common

• Stiffness
• Seizures
• Trouble swallowing

Look up a symptom: Child not talking or meeting milestones · Muscle weakness in arms or legs · New confusion or not acting like themselves

When to get medical care

Causes

Genes.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Diagnosis

A clinician asks about your symptoms and may order tests.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• MRI:
• Gene test:

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and how severe it is.

Self-care

• Join a support group
• Do physical therapy

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Newborn screening

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a neurologist (brain and nerve doctor).

Living with it

Support groups and helplines

• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Free NIH information on rare diseases, including where to find experts and patient groups.
• National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): Patient groups, help finding care, and aid programs for rare diseases.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Newborn screening finds some types.
• Children: Most start then.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Care helps comfort and function.

Some types can be treated early.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What's causing this?
• What treatment do you recommend?
• Is there a treatment for this type?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Leukodystrophies