Low platelets (ITP or thrombocytopenia)

Overview

ITP happens when the immune system destroys platelets. In children it often follows a virus and goes away on its own.

Some medicines, infections, and liver disease can also lower platelets.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Tiny red spots or easy bruising

Less common

• Bleeding gums
• Nosebleeds
• Heavy periods

When to get medical care

Causes

Immune, medicines.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• Children after a virus: Common cause in kids
• Women 20 to 40: Long-lasting ITP more common

Possible complications

• Bleeding in the brain: Rare, with very low platelets

Diagnosis

Blood count.

Treatment

Avoid injury.

Self-care

• Avoid NSAIDs
• Use a soft toothbrush
• Avoid contact sports while low

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Avoid NSAIDs

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a hematologist (blood doctor).

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Children: Usually goes away within 6 months.
• Children: Often follows a virus.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Treatable.

Most children recover; adults often need treatment.

Most children recover.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What's causing my symptoms?
• What treatment do you recommend?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Low platelets (ITP or thrombocytopenia)