Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Overview

NPH often looks like dementia or Parkinson's but can improve with a shunt that drains extra fluid.

Walking problems usually come first.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Shuffling walk with memory and bladder problems
• Trouble walking, bladder leaks, and memory changes together

Less common

• Falls
• Memory problems

Look up a symptom: Memory problems · Trouble walking, bladder leaks, and memory changes together · Trouble with balance or walking

When to get medical care

Causes

Fluid build-up.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• Over 60

Diagnosis

Brain imaging.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• MRI:

Treatment

See a neurologist.

Self-care

• Use a walker if unsteady
• Make the home fall-safe
• Use a walker for safety

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• There is no known way to prevent it. Early checkups help find it sooner.

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a neurologist (brain and nerve doctor).

Living with it

Support groups and helplines

• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Free NIH information on rare diseases, including where to find experts and patient groups.
• National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): Patient groups, help finding care, and aid programs for rare diseases.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Adults over 60: Most common.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Set up a pill organizer and a simple daily routine.
• Make the home safe from falls.
• Go to visits with them and write down what the doctor says.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Shunts help many.

Many improve after a shunt.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• Would a shunt help?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Normal pressure hydrocephalus