Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Overview

Children with ODD often argue with adults, refuse rules, lose their temper, and blame others, more than other kids their age.

It often comes with ADHD, anxiety, or learning problems.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Defiant, angry behavior
• Trouble controlling anger

Less common

• Spiteful behavior
• Trouble at school

Look up a symptom: Restless, fidgety, or acting without thinking · Trouble controlling anger

When to get medical care

Causes

Genes, environment.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• ADHD

Possible complications

• ADHD

Diagnosis

A clinician evaluates.

Treatment

Positive parenting.

Self-care

• Praise good behavior
• Consistent rules
• Praise good behavior right away
• Use clear, calm rules and consequences
• Pick your battles
• Spend positive one-on-one time daily

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Early parenting support

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a psychiatrist (for medicine) and a psychologist or licensed therapist (for talk therapy).

Living with it

• Keep a regular sleep, meal, and activity routine.
• Tell one trusted person how you're doing, and plan who to call on hard days.
• Limit alcohol and drugs. They often make symptoms worse.
• In a crisis, call or text 988 any time.
• Long-term illness can affect mood. Tell your doctor if you feel down or anxious.

Support groups and helplines

• NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness): Free support groups and a helpline (1-800-950-6264) for people and families.
• 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: Call or text 988 any time for free, private support in a crisis.

Back to school, work, or sports

• Most people can keep working or going to school.
• Ask about changes that help, like extra breaks or a flexible schedule. Workers may be covered by the ADA. Students may get a 504 plan.
• The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) may let you take unpaid time off for treatment without losing your job.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Teens: Without help, problems can grow; support helps.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Many mental health medicines are used safely in pregnancy. Stopping suddenly can cause a relapse.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Mood problems can start during or after pregnancy. Postpartum Support International: 1-800-944-4773.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Listen without judging, and let them know you care.
• Encourage treatment, but don't force it unless they're in danger.
• If they talk about suicide, call or text 988 with them.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Improves.

Most children improve with parent training.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

• Could ADHD or anxiety be part of this?
• Are there parent training programs near us?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)