Pelvic floor dysfunction

Overview

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles that support the bladder, bowel, and uterus. They can be too weak (leaks) or too tight (pain, trouble emptying).

A pelvic floor physical therapist can test the muscles and teach exercises or relaxation.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Pelvic pain, leaks, or constipation

Less common

• Pain with sex
• Leaking urine or stool
• Constipation

When to get medical care

Causes

Childbirth, straining.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• After childbirth

Diagnosis

A clinician examines.

Treatment

See a pelvic floor therapist.

Self-care

• Don't strain on the toilet
• Don't strain: put your feet on a stool when on the toilet
• Breathe out when lifting
• Do Kegels only if your therapist says your muscles are weak

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Avoid constipation
• Healthy weight

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a pelvic floor physical therapist.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• After childbirth: Very common and very treatable.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Treatable.

Most people improve with therapy.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

• Are my muscles too tight or too weak?
• Can you refer me to a pelvic floor therapist?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Pelvic floor dysfunction