Personality disorders

Overview

Personality disorders are long-term patterns in how a person thinks, feels, and relates to others that cause distress or problems.

Borderline personality disorder involves intense emotions, fear of abandonment, and unstable relationships. It responds well to therapy.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Relationship and emotion struggles
• Intense, unstable relationships, fear of being abandoned, and fast mood shifts

Less common

• Mood swings
• Impulsive actions
• Feeling empty

When to get medical care

Causes

Genes, trauma.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• Trauma

Diagnosis

A mental health professional evaluates.

Treatment

Therapy.

Self-care

• DBT skills
• Learn DBT skills for handling strong emotions
• Keep a crisis plan
• Build steady routines

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Early support after trauma

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to a psychiatrist (for medicine) and a psychologist or licensed therapist (for talk therapy).

Living with it

• Keep a regular sleep, meal, and activity routine.
• Tell one trusted person how you're doing, and plan who to call on hard days.
• Limit alcohol and drugs. They often make symptoms worse.
• In a crisis, call or text 988 any time.
• Long-term illness can affect mood. Tell your doctor if you feel down or anxious.

Support groups and helplines

• NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness): Free support groups and a helpline (1-800-950-6264) for people and families.
• 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: Call or text 988 any time for free, private support in a crisis.

Back to school, work, or sports

• Most people can keep working or going to school.
• Ask about changes that help, like extra breaks or a flexible schedule. Workers may be covered by the ADA. Students may get a 504 plan.
• The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) may let you take unpaid time off for treatment without losing your job.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Families: Support groups like NAMI Family-to-Family help.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Many mental health medicines are used safely in pregnancy. Stopping suddenly can cause a relapse.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Mood problems can start during or after pregnancy. Postpartum Support International: 1-800-944-4773.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Listen without judging, and let them know you care.
• Encourage treatment, but don't force it unless they're in danger.
• If they talk about suicide, call or text 988 with them.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Improves.

Many people improve a lot over time with treatment.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

• Which therapy would help me?
• Are there DBT programs near me?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Personality disorders