Plague

Overview

Plague is spread by fleas from prairie dogs, rock squirrels, and other rodents.

A few cases happen in the U.S. each year, mostly in the Southwest.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Painful swollen lymph node
• High fever
• Cough with blood
• Swollen glands

Less common

• Chills

When to get medical care

Causes

Yersinia pestis.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It usually doesn't spread from person to person.
• People get it from: flea bites or the air.

Who is more likely to get it

• Rural Southwest

Diagnosis

This is diagnosed in the emergency room or hospital.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Tests:

Treatment

Emergency care is needed. While waiting for help:

Self-care

• Go to the ER

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Avoid sick or dead rodents
• Use flea control on pets

Which doctor treats this

• Emergency doctors treat it first, in the ER.
• They may send you to an infectious disease specialist, if it's hard to treat.

Back to school, work, or sports

• Recovery time varies. Ask your care team when you can drive, lift, work, and exercise.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Hikers and campers in the Southwest: Higher risk.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Some infections can pass to the baby during pregnancy or birth. Tell your provider if you've been exposed.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Go to visits when you can and take notes.
• Keep a list of medicines, allergies, and doctors in one place.
• Learn the warning signs that need fast care.
• Learn CPR. Many hospitals and the Red Cross offer classes.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Antibiotics cure it when started early.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What follow-up care do I need?
• How can I prevent this from happening again?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Plague