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Snakebite (venomous snake bite)

Also called: Snakebite, venomous snake bite, rattlesnake bite, copperhead bite

A bite from a venomous snake like a rattlesnake, copperhead, or cottonmouth. Venom can cause pain, swelling, bleeding, and shock. Antivenom works best when given early.

ActCall 911, keep still
Don'tCut, suck, ice, or use a tourniquet

Overview

Remove rings and tight items before swelling starts.

Note the time of the bite and a photo of the snake from a safe distance.

Symptoms

Common signs:

  • Bite with swelling or pain
  • Trouble breathing
  • Dizziness
  • Cut or puncture wound
  • Red, warm, swollen skin

Less common

  • Bleeding gums
  • Numbness

Look up a symptom: Cut or puncture wound · Nausea · Numbness or electric feelings in the body · Red, warm, swollen skin · Swelling of the eyelids, face, hands, feet, or genitals that comes on fast

When to get medical care

Call 911Call 911 now for: bite with swelling or pain, trouble breathing, dizziness.
Get care todayMilder symptoms that could be early signs.
See a doctor soonQuestions about lowering your risk.

Causes

Snake venom.

Who is more likely to get it

  • Outdoor activity

Diagnosis

This is diagnosed in the emergency room or hospital.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

  • Blood tests:

Treatment

Emergency care is needed. While waiting for help:

Self-care

  • Call 911
  • Keep calm and still
  • Keep the bite at heart level
  • Remove rings and watches

Which doctor treats this

  • Emergency doctors treat it first, in the ER.

Back to school, work, or sports

  • Most people can go to school or work. Keep the wound clean and covered.
  • Avoid pools and hot tubs until the skin heals.

For caregivers

  • Go to visits when you can and take notes.
  • Keep a list of medicines, allergies, and doctors in one place.
  • Learn the warning signs that need fast care.
  • Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Antivenom saves lives.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

  • A list of your medicines and supplements
  • Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

  • What follow-up care do I need?
  • How can I prevent this from happening again?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Snakebite (venomous snake bite)

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-12.