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Toe walking, in-toeing, or bowlegs in kids

Also called: Toe walking, in-toeing, pigeon toes, bowlegs, knock knees

Common ways children walk or stand as they grow. Most are normal stages that improve on their own by school age.

TypeNormal growth patterns
UsuallyOutgrown
Check ifPain, limp, or one side only

Overview

Bowlegs are normal under age 2; knock knees are common at ages 3 to 7.

Toe walking is common in toddlers. Ongoing toe walking after age 3 needs a check.

Symptoms

Common signs:

  • Toe walking, in-toeing, bowlegs, or knock knees

Less common

  • Tripping

When to get medical care

Call 911A child who suddenly can't walk.
Get care todayA limp, pain, or swelling.
See a doctor soonProblems getting worse, one side only, or toe walking after age 3.

Causes

Normal growth and how the legs rotate.

Does it spread or run in families?

  • It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.
  • It can run in families. Tell your doctor if a parent, brother, or sister has it.

Who is more likely to get it

  • Family history

Diagnosis

Your child's doctor watches them walk.

Questions you may be asked

  • Milestones
  • Pain or limp

The exam

A leg and hip exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

  • X-rays: If severe or one-sided.

Treatment

Most need no treatment.

Self-care

  • Let your child walk barefoot on safe surfaces
  • Watch for change over time
  • Let kids walk barefoot when safe

Rarely, braces or surgery.

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

  • There is no known way to prevent it. Early checkups help find it sooner.

Which doctor treats this

  • Start with your child's pediatrician.
  • They may send you to a pediatric specialist: an orthopedist (bone and joint doctor).

Back to school, work, or sports

  • Most children can go to daycare or school as usual.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

  • Toddlers: Bowlegs are normal until about age 2.

For caregivers

  • Learn the warning signs and when to call the doctor or 911.
  • Keep a list of your child's medicines, doses, and doctors on your phone.
  • Tell teachers, coaches, and sitters what to watch for and what to do.
  • Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Most outgrow it.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

Questions to ask

  • Is this normal for my child's age?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Toe walking, in-toeing, or bowlegs in kids

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-12.