Toxic shock syndrome

Overview

Remove a tampon right away if symptoms start.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Sudden high fever
• Sunburn-like rash
• Dizziness or fainting

Less common

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Look up a symptom: Fever · Tampon or object stuck or forgotten in the vagina

When to get medical care

Causes

Staph or strep toxins.

Who is more likely to get it

• Tampon use

Possible complications

• Sudden kidney problem (acute kidney injury): From low blood pressure

Diagnosis

This is diagnosed in the emergency room or hospital.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Blood tests:

Treatment

Emergency care is needed. While waiting for help:

Self-care

• Remove tampon
• Call 911

Prevention

To lower your risk or catch problems early:

• Change tampons every 4 to 8 hours
• Use the lowest absorbency

Which doctor treats this

• Emergency doctors treat it first, in the ER.
• They may send you to an infectious disease or ICU doctor.

Living with it

Support groups and helplines

• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Free NIH information on rare diseases, including where to find experts and patient groups.
• National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): Patient groups, help finding care, and aid programs for rare diseases.

Back to school, work, or sports

• Recovery time varies. Ask your care team when you can drive, lift, work, and exercise.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Teens and young women using tampons: Higher risk.

For caregivers

• Go to visits when you can and take notes.
• Keep a list of medicines, allergies, and doctors in one place.
• Learn the warning signs that need fast care.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Fast care saves lives.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What follow-up care do I need?
• How can I prevent this from happening again?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Toxic shock syndrome