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Alprazolam

Brand names: Xanax, Xanax XR

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and panic disorder. It works fast but can be habit-forming.

Brand namesXanax, Xanax XR
Type of medicineBenzodiazepine (anti-anxiety medicine)
Prescription?Prescription
ImportantThis page is general information, not a prescription. Don't start, stop, or change a medicine without talking to your provider or pharmacist.

Overview

It calms the brain by boosting a natural calming chemical (GABA).

It's a controlled substance. It's usually meant for short-term use.

What it's used for

  • Anxiety
  • Panic disorder

How to take it

  • Take it exactly as prescribed. Never take more or more often.
  • Don't stop suddenly after regular use; it can cause seizures. Your provider will lower the dose slowly.
  • Keep it locked up. Never share it.

Your dose depends on your health and other medicines. Always follow your prescription label, and ask your pharmacist if anything is unclear.

Side effects

Common side effects

  • Sleepiness
  • Dizziness
  • Trouble with memory or focus
  • Unsteadiness
Call 911Slow, shallow, or stopped breathing, blue lips, or can't be woken up
Call 911A seizure after stopping or lowering the dose
Call 911Thoughts of suicide or harming yourself. Call or text 988 any time.
Call your provider todayUnusual behavior, confusion, or doing things you don't remember

Warnings

  • Boxed warning: risk of misuse, addiction, and dependence.
  • Don't drive until you know how it affects you.
  • Older adults are more likely to fall or become confused.

Other medicines, foods, and alcohol

  • Taking it with opioids, alcohol, or other sedating medicines can slow breathing and cause death.
  • Ketoconazole and itraconazole must not be taken with it; some other antifungals, antibiotics, and HIV medicines raise its level.
  • Avoid grapefruit juice.

Tell your provider and pharmacist about every medicine, vitamin, and supplement you take.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Talk with your provider. Using it late in pregnancy can cause problems in the newborn.

Missed doses, overdose, and storage

If you miss a dose

This medicine is often taken only when needed. If you take it on a schedule, take a missed dose when you remember, unless it's almost time for the next one. Don't double up.

If someone takes too much

Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or get help online at poison.org. Call 911 if the person collapses, has a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be woken.

Storing it

Store at room temperature, away from heat and moisture (not in the bathroom), and out of reach of children and pets.

Conditions it's used for

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-13.