Good to knowOne result rarely tells the whole story. Your provider looks at your results together with your symptoms, exam, and other tests.
What the test is
An undetectable viral load means HIV can't be passed through sex (U=U).
Why it's done
- After an HIV diagnosis
- Regularly during treatment
Getting ready and what happens
- None.
How the test is done
- A health worker cleans the skin, puts a band around your arm, and draws blood from a vein with a small needle. It takes a few minutes.
What the results mean
| Result | Typical range for adults |
|---|---|
| Goal viral load | Undetectable (often below 20 to 50 copies/mL) |
| Typical CD4 | About 500 to 1,500 cells/mm³ |
Normal ranges vary from lab to lab and can differ by age, sex, and pregnancy. Your report lists your lab's own range next to each result. A result a little outside the range is often not a problem.
Detectable viral load on treatment
May mean missed doses or resistance; talk with your provider.
CD4 below 200
Raises the risk of serious infections; preventive antibiotics may be added.
Questions to ask your provider
- What do my results mean for me?
- Do I need to repeat this test or have other tests?
Risks
A blood draw is very safe. You may have slight pain or a small bruise where the needle went in.
Related conditions
Related medicines
Related tests
Sources
Last updated 2026-11-13.