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Prenatal cell-free DNA screening (NIPT)

Also called: NIPT, Cell-free DNA test, Noninvasive prenatal testing

NIPT is a blood test in pregnancy that screens for Down syndrome and some other chromosome conditions. It can also show the baby's sex.

SampleBlood from the pregnant parent
Fasting?Usually not needed
ResultsAbout 1 to 2 weeks
Good to knowOne result rarely tells the whole story. Your provider looks at your results together with your symptoms, exam, and other tests.

What the test is

It can be done from 10 weeks. It's a screening test; a positive result needs confirmation with amniocentesis or CVS.

Why it's done

  • Offered in all pregnancies

Getting ready and what happens

  • No preparation is needed.

How the test is done

  • A health worker cleans the skin, puts a band around your arm, and draws blood from a vein with a small needle. It takes a few minutes.

What the results mean

High risk

Talk with a genetic counselor about confirmation tests.

Low risk

Makes these conditions much less likely, but no screen is perfect.

Questions to ask your provider

  • What do my results mean for me?
  • Do I need to repeat this test or have other tests?

Risks

A blood draw is very safe. You may have slight pain or a small bruise where the needle went in.

Related conditions

Related tests

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-13.