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Sputum culture

Also called: Sputum test, AFB smear

A sputum culture tests mucus coughed up from the lungs for bacteria, fungi, or TB.

SampleMucus coughed up from the lungs
Fasting?Usually not needed
Results2 days to several weeks (TB)
Good to knowOne result rarely tells the whole story. Your provider looks at your results together with your symptoms, exam, and other tests.

What the test is

The sample must come from deep in the lungs, not saliva.

Why it's done

  • Pneumonia not improving
  • Possible TB
  • Lung conditions like bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis

Getting ready and what happens

  • Collect first thing in the morning after rinsing your mouth with water.

How the test is done

  • You take deep breaths and cough mucus into a sterile cup.

What the results mean

Positive

Names the germ and guides antibiotics.

Questions to ask your provider

  • What do my results mean for me?
  • Do I need to repeat this test or have other tests?

Related conditions

Related tests

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-13.