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Fluid in the belly (ascites)

Also called: Ascites, fluid in the belly

Fluid builds in the belly, usually from cirrhosis, causing swelling and weight gain.

Common causeCirrhosis

Overview

Fluid builds up because of high pressure in liver veins and low protein.

The fluid can get infected, causing fever and belly pain.

Symptoms

Common signs:

  • Swollen belly
  • Swollen belly from fluid

Less common

  • Shortness of breath
  • Weight gain
  • Swollen ankles

Look up a symptom: Bloating or gas

When to get medical care

Call 911Fever with belly pain or confusion.
Get care todayFast swelling.
See a doctor soonSymptoms that last or keep coming back.

Causes

Liver disease.

Does it spread or run in families?

  • It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

  • Cirrhosis

Possible complications

Diagnosis

A clinician asks about your symptoms and may order tests.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

  • Ultrasound:
  • Fluid test:

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and how severe it is.

Self-care

  • Limit salt
  • Take water pills

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

  • Avoid alcohol

Which doctor treats this

  • Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
  • They may send you to a gastroenterologist (stomach and gut doctor).

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

  • People with cirrhosis: Most common.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
  • Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
  • Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
  • Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

Outlook

Outlook depends on the cause; early care helps.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

  • A list of your medicines and supplements
  • Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

  • What's causing this?
  • What treatment do you recommend?
  • Do I need fluid drained?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Fluid in the belly (ascites)

Sources

Last updated 2026-11-12.