Sudden loss of blood flow to an arm or leg (acute limb ischemia)

Overview

A clot, often from AFib, blocks an artery suddenly.

The 6 Ps: pain, pallor, pulselessness, numbness, weakness, and cold.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Sudden cold, pale, painful limb
• Numbness or weakness
• Cold hands or feet

Less common

• Cold limb

When to get medical care

Causes

Clot.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• AFib
• PAD

Possible complications

• Gangrene: Tissue can die without blood
• Compartment syndrome: After blood flow returns

Diagnosis

This is diagnosed in the emergency room or hospital.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Ultrasound:

Treatment

Emergency care is needed. While waiting for help:

Self-care

• Call 911

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Take blood thinners for AFib

Which doctor treats this

• Emergency doctors treat it first, in the ER.
• They may send you to a hematologist (blood doctor).

Back to school, work, or sports

• Recovery time varies. Ask your care team when you can drive, lift, work, and exercise.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• People with AFib or PAD: Higher risk.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Go to visits when you can and take notes.
• Keep a list of medicines, allergies, and doctors in one place.
• Learn the warning signs that need fast care.
• Learn CPR. Many hospitals and the Red Cross offer classes.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Fast treatment saves the limb.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What follow-up care do I need?
• How can I prevent this from happening again?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Sudden loss of blood flow to an arm or leg (acute limb ischemia)