Transplant rejection and transplant problems

Overview

Rejection can happen soon or years after transplant, sometimes without symptoms.

Regular blood tests catch it early.

Symptoms

Common signs:

• Fever or new symptoms after transplant

Less common

• Fever

Look up a symptom: Fever

When to get medical care

Causes

Immune system.

Does it spread or run in families?

• It isn't contagious. You can't catch it from someone else.

Who is more likely to get it

• People who miss anti-rejection doses: Highest risk

Possible complications

• Serious infections: From immune medicines
• Skin cancer (basal cell or squamous cell): More common after transplant

Diagnosis

A clinician asks about your symptoms and may order tests.

The exam

A physical exam.

Tests

Tests, if needed:

• Blood tests:
• Biopsy:

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and how severe it is.

Self-care

• Never skip anti-rejection medicines

Prevention

To lower your risk or prevent problems:

• Take anti-rejection medicines

Which doctor treats this

• Start with your primary care provider (family doctor or internist).
• They may send you to your transplant team.

Living with it

• Keep a simple diary of symptoms, triggers, and medicines to bring to visits.
• Bring a list of your medicines and questions to each visit.
• Stay active in ways that feel good to you.
• Get enough sleep and manage stress.
• Long-term illness can affect mood. Tell your doctor if you feel down or anxious.

Back to school, work, or sports

• Most people can keep working or going to school.
• Ask about changes that help, like extra breaks or a flexible schedule. Workers may be covered by the ADA. Students may get a 504 plan.

Children, pregnancy, and older adults

• Transplant patients: Avoid live vaccines unless approved.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

• If you're pregnant or planning to be, tell your prenatal provider about this condition.
• Don't start or stop any medicine on your own. Some are safe in pregnancy and some need to be changed.
• Ask before taking any pain reliever. The FDA advises avoiding ibuprofen and naproxen after 20 weeks unless your doctor says to.
• Breastfeeding: Most medicines are fine, but ask. The NIH LactMed database lists what's known about each one.

For caregivers

• Go to visits when you can and take notes.
• Keep a list of medicines, allergies, and doctors in one place.
• Learn the warning signs that need fast care.
• Take breaks and ask for help. Caregivers need care too.

Outlook

Rejection caught early is often treatable.

Most rejection is treatable.

Getting ready for your visit

Bring a list of your symptoms and medicines.

What to bring

• A list of your medicines and supplements
• Notes on when symptoms started and what makes them better or worse

Questions to ask

• What's causing this?
• What treatment do you recommend?
• How often do I need labs?

Research studies

Research studies test new ways to find and treat health problems. Some are looking for volunteers. Talk with your doctor before joining one.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov for studies on Transplant rejection and transplant problems